GS 3: Science & Technology | Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, Robotics, Nano-technology, bio-technology

Why in News?

The cabinet approved the launching of National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber- Physical Systems (NMICPS) which is to be implemented by Department of Science & Technology for a period of five years.

Cyber-physical system (CPS):

• CPS is an interdisciplinary field that deals with the deployment of computer-based systems that do things in the physical world. It integrates sensing, computation, control and networking into physical objects and infrastructure, connecting them to the Internet and to each other.
• Examples of cyber physical systems are Smart Grid Networks, Smart Transportation System, Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure, Utility Service Infrastructure for Smart Cities, etc.
• CPS and its associated technologies, like Artificial Intelligence (Al), Internet of Things (loT), Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DP), Big Data Analytics, Robotics, Quantum Computing, Quantum Communication, Quantum encryption (Quantum Key Distribution), Data Science & Predictive analytics, Cyber Security for physical infrastructure and other infrastructure plays a transformative role in almost every field of human endeavor in all sectors.

Difference between CPS and Internet of Things (IoT):

• CPS are physical and engineered systems whose operations are monitored, coordinated, controlled and integrated by a computing and communication core. Where as IoT is is the network of devices such as vehicles, and home appliances that contain electronics, software, actuators, and connectivity which allows these things to connect, interact and exchange data.
• CPS engineering has a strong emphasis on the relationship between computation and the physical world. IoT has a strong emphasis on uniquely identifiable and internet-connected devices and embedded systems.
• CPS are not necessarily connected with internet. The Internet of Things (IoT) forms a foundation for this cyber physical systems revolution.
• CPS It may be individual system which integrates the physical and cyber technology like smart electricity meters. Iot is smart Home in which all appliances are connected to each other through internet like TV is connected to mobile, lights are connected to mobile etc.

National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems:

• It is a comprehensive mission which would address technology development, application development, human resource development, skill enhancement, entrepreneurship and start-up development in CPS and associated technologies.
• It aims at establishment of 15 numbers of Technology Innovation Hubs, six numbers of Application Innovation Hubs and four numbers of Technology Translation Research Parks (TTRP). These Hubs & TTRPs will connect to Academics, Industry, Central Ministries and State Government in developing solutions at reputed academic, R&D and other organizations across the country in a hub and spoke model.