Why in News?

• Ghana launched a fleet of drones to carry medical supplies to remote areas, declaring it would become the “world’s largest drone delivery service.”

Details:

• The craft are part of an ambitious plan to  leapfrog problems of medical access in a country with poor roads
• No one in Ghana should die because they can’t access the medicine they need in an emergency,” It represents a major step towards giving everyone in this country universal access to lifesaving medicine.” The drones have been flying test runs with blood and vaccines, but the project was officially inaugurated Wednesday at the main drone base in Omenako, 70 kilometres (40 miles) north of Accra. Operator Zipline, a US-based company, said the three other sites should be up and running by the end of 2019. Omenako is the first of four distribution centres which, when fully operational, will each have 30 drones serving 500 clinics within an 80-kilometre (50-mile) radius.
• The drones are planned to ferry 150 different medicines, blood, and vaccines to more than 2,000 clinics serving over 12 million people—roughly 40 percent of the population.

Bumpy roads

• Zipline first began delivering blood and medicine in East Africa in 2016, deploying drones in Rwanda, a country dubbed the “land of a thousand hills” where access to many villages by road is difficult. Now the company is expanding on the other side of the continent. “Millions of people across the world—in both developed and developing countries—die each year because they can’t get the medicine they need when they need it,” said Zipline boss Keller Rinaudo. For Ghana, a country of nearly 30 million people scattered across a land area about the size of former colonial ruler Britain, poor roads and a lack of ambulances are major challenges to health care access. Drones, not dependent on bumpy roads that can take hours to navigate, offer a way to get medical supplies to clinics before a patient bleeds to death, for example.
• Almost a third of maternal deaths are due to blood loss—easily preventable with a transfusion provided supplies are available.

Parachute drops:

• Medics can order blood or medicine by sending a message by mobile phone
• Each battery-powered flying machine has a delivery distance of 80 kilometres (50 miles), speeding at 100 kilometres (62 miles) an hour and carry up to 1.7 kilogrammes (3.7 pounds).
• Each drop can bring three units of blood, with deliveries made by parachute.
• The drones are stoked at their depot to ensure that vaccines and supplies are kept cold, cutting the need for expensive cold-chain storage systems in remote areas
• Once the programme is up and running, plasma deliveries can be made for the first time to Ghana’s most remote northern areas. The journey by road was too long, and the expiry date of plasma too short, to make this possible until now.