CONTEXT: 

• Scientists have discovered a new species of crab that swam the sea 95 million years ago.
• The small, pocket-size crab, named Callichimaera perplexa, was very different from its modern-day cousins.
• The crab fossils were discovered in 2005 in the Andes Mountains in Colombia.

PepsiCo sues Indian farmers over the FC5 potato row

• PepsiCo Inc has sued four Indian farmers on April 29, 2019 for cultivating a potato variety that the snack food and drinks maker claims infringes its patent.

BACKGROUND: 

• PepsiCo has sued the farmers for cultivating the FC5 potato variety, grown exclusively for its popular Lay’s potato chips.
• The FC5 variety has a lower moisture content required to make snacks such as potato chips.
• Farmers believe that section 39 of the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights (PPV&FR) Act, 2001 allows farmers to grow and sell any variety of crop or even seed as long as they don’t sell branded seed of registered varieties.