1. Which of the following is/are the example of parasitic food chain?

1. 1. Dead organic matter – Detritivores – Predators.
2. 2. Trees – Fruit eating birds – Lice and bugs – Bacteria and fungi.
3. 3. Zebra – Nematode – Filamentous bacteria.

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2. Which of the following statements is/are true about Ecological Pyramids?

1. 1. In Pyramid of Biomass is determined by measuring dry weight of the organisms.
2. 2. Inverted Pyramid of Biomass happens when the smaller weight of producers support consumers of larger weight.
3. 3. Ecological pyramids have no place for detrivoves and decomposers though they play a vital role in ecosystem.

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3. Which of the following statements is/are true about Ecosystem?

1. 1. It is defined as the community of living organisms in association with the nonliving components and their physical interaction.
2. 2. Ecosystem is generally larger in size than the biosphere.
3. 3. In Ecosystem the energy, nutrients and wastes cycle among the various biotic and abiotic components.

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4. Which of the following statements is/are true about different types of food chains?

1. 1. In grazing food chain the green plants form the base with herbivores as the primary consumers.
2. 2. Litter being consumed by the earthworm forms the part of detritus food chain.
3. 3. Grazing and detritus food chain are entirely separate from each other having no link.

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5. Which of the following statements are true in regard to trophic levels?

1. 1. Only 10% of the productivity of one trophic level is utilized for raising productivity of next trophic level. The rest is consumed in ingestion, respiration, maintenance of body heat and other activities.
2. 2. An ecosystem can support very large number of trophic levels depending upon the number of organisms involved in a food chain.
3. 3. Parasites do not have any fixed trophic level.

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6. Choose the correct statement(s):

1. 1. The major components of an ecosystem are mineral cycling and energy flow.
2. 2. Longevity increases with the rise in trophic levels.

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7. Which of the following statements is/are true?

1. 1. Lower genetic diversity within a species or variety may be useful for uniformity in yield as well as higher yield but it is liable to undergo degradation.
2. 2. Variations in the genes of a species increase with increase in size and environmental parameters of the habitat.

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8. Consider the following statements related to the ecological roles played by Fungi:

1. 1. In symbiotic relation with plants fungi helps plants to absorb water and minerals in soils that are dry and with low mineral concentration.
2. 2. They help in recycling of nutrients in all terrestrial habitats.
3. 3. Fungi help in bioremediation by degrading soil pollutants such as insecticides, herbicides, and heavy metals.

Which of the above stated functions is/are correct?

9. Consider the following statements related to the Periphyton:

1. 1. It is a complex mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic microbes, and detritus.
2. 2. It is used in aquaculture food production systems for the removal of solid and dissolved pollutants.
3. 3. The responses of this community to pollutants can be used to measure water quality.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

10. Which of the following statements regarding Phytoplankton are correct?

1. 1. Phytoplanktons are microalgae and contain chlorophyll and require sunlight in order to live.
2. 2. Phytoplankton act as the foundation of the aquatic food chain.
3. 3. Phytoplankton may grow out of control and form harmful algal blooms which can produce extremely toxic compounds that have harmful effects on fish and other aquatic creatures.
4. 4. Nearly half of the Oxygen present in Earth’s atmosphere is provided by Phytoplankton.

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11. Consider the following statements related to the Y-shaped Model of Energy Flow:

1. 1. It shows the interdependence between grazing food chain or detritus food chain.
2. 2. It shows the two-way passage of energy from autothrophs to hetrotrophs.
3. 3. It shows that there is a gradual loss of energy at every level.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

12. Which of the following is/are sedimentary Nutrient cycle?

1. 1. Phosphorous Cycle
2. 2. Calcium and Magnesium Cycle
3. 3. Nitrogen Cycle
4. 4. Carbon Cycle
5. 5. Water Cycle

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

13. Which of the following statements is/are true about trophic levels in an ecosystem?

1. 1. The energy always flow from higher to lower trophic levels.
2. 2. In an ecosystem there is always a high chance of having larger number of trophic levels for better movement of nutrients.
3. 3. Food webs are more stable than a food chain in an ecosystem.

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14. Which of the following is/are the example of parasitic food chain?

1. 1. Dead organic matter – Detritivores – Predators.
2. 2. Trees – Fruit eating birds – Lice and bugs – Bacteria and fungi.
3. 3. Zebra – Nematode – Filamentous bacteria.

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15. Which of the following statements is/are true about Ecological Pyramids?

1. 1. In Pyramid of Biomass is determined by measuring dry weight of the organisms.
2. 2. Inverted Pyramid of Biomass happens when the smaller weight of producers support consumers of larger weight.
3. 3. Ecological pyramids have no place for detrivoves and decomposers though they play a vital role in ecosystem.

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16. Which of the following statements is/are true about different types of food chains?

1. 1 . In grazing food chain the green plants form the base wi th herbivores as the primary consumers.
2. 2 . Litter being consumed by the earthworm forms the part of detritus food chain.
3. 3 . Grazi ng and det r i t us f ood c hai n ar e entirely separate from each other having no link.

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